Integrating Knowledge Through Tauhid: Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's Islamization Paradigm in Social and Educational Contexts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59373/nkafp051Keywords:
Islamic Education, Integration of knowledge, Islamization of knowledgeAbstract
The rapid development of modern science has created a dichotomy between Islamic and secular science in Muslim societies, creating an epistemological polarization that requires integrative solutions. Previous studies have not comprehensively examined the framework of the integration of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's knowledge, especially in the socio-educational context. This research aims to: (1) analyze the concept of social-educational science integration according to al-Faruqi, and (2) examine its implementation methodology. Based on the paradigm of Islamization of Science with a monotheistic approach as a theoretical framework, this qualitative research uses a descriptive-analytical method with content analysis techniques on al-Faruqi's primary works and related secondary literature. The research findings reveal three key aspects: first, the rejection of value-free science; second, monotheism as the foundation of epistemological integration; Third, an integrated curriculum model based on maqāṣid syarī'ah. This study provides a theoretical contribution in the form of systematization of the previously fragmented al-Faruqi model of integration of knowledge, as well as offering practical guidelines for the development of a holistic Islamic education curriculum. It is concluded that the model of the integration of al-Faruqi science is relevant as a solution to the dichotomy of contemporary science with the note of the need for contextual adaptation.
References
‘Alwānī, Ṭāhā J. al. (1995). The Islamization of Knowledge. American Journal of Islam and Society, 12(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i1.2390
Abdullah, F. N. B., & Yusof, D. B. (2024). Islamic And Western Ethical Perspectives On Mandatory Vaccination Policy For Children In Malaysia. Fikroh: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pendidikan Islam, 17(2), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.37812/fikroh.v17i2.1647
Abidin, A. A., Fatawi, I., & Kausar, S. (2025). The Values of Islamic Education for Building Tolerance in the Jombang Community: A Qualitative Study of the Role of Religious Harmony Forum. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i1.1182
Ahmad Kusaini, E., Mahamod, Z., & Wan Mohammad, W. M. R. (2024). The relations between technological knowledge, technological content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, technological pedagogical content knowledge and inventive skills among malay language teachers. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 43(3), 788–801. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v43i3.58354
Amalia, E. R. (2025). Leveraging Religious Capital: Teacher Agency and Curriculum Reform in Indonesian Islamic Schools. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(4), 946–965. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i4.2214
Amir, A. N., & Rahman, T. A. (2023). Islamization of Knowledge in Historical Perspective. Jurnal Pendidikan Sultan Agung, 3(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.30659/jp-sa.3.2.153-162
Aziz, H., Sudrajat, A., Suparno, S., Pashela, P., Azzahra, L. P., & Mannana, N. F. (2025). Evaluation of the child-friendly school policy in indonesia: Analysis of effectiveness and implementation challenges. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 371–379. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21706
Azmi, M. N. F. (2022). Islamization Of Knowledge. Pendalas Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.47006/pendalas.v2i1.93
Badarussyamsi, B. (2023). Islamization of Science in Raji Al-Faruqi’s Thought, between The Fundamentalism Reflection and Construction of New Epistemological Knowledge. Ishlah Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Adab Dan Dakwah, 5(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.32939/ishlah.v5i1.225
Bistara, R. (2022). Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Bingkai Integrasi-Interkoneksi: Menguak Ide Islamisasi Ilmu Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Refleksi, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v20i2.20457
Butterworth, C. E. (2019). Rethinking Reform in Higher Education, From Islamization to Integration of Knowledge. American Journal of Islam and Society, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v36i1.543
Delgado, J. (2015). Epistemological Integration. American Journal of Islam and Society, 32(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v32i1.954
Edison, E., Anwar, A., & Saidah, E. M. (2022). KNOWLEDGE ISLAMIZATION MODEL OF ISMA’IL RAJI AL FARUQI’S PERSPECTIVES FACING THE EDUCATION CHALLENGES IN THE 21st CENTURY. Lentera Pendidikan Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan, 25(2), 296. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2022v25n2i9
Fardiana, I. U. (2017). Integralisme Ilmu Dalam Islam (Sejarah Perkembangan Dan Klasifikasi). Qalamuna Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Agama, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v9i01.365
Firnanda, R., & Husnaini, M. (2025). Islamisasi Ilmu Ditengah Arus Modernitas: Analisis Tantangan Dan Peluang Berdasarkan Pandangan Al Faruqi Dan Al Attas. Al-Hikmah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pendidikan Agama Islam), 7(2), 109–129.
Ḥanafī, S. (2021). From Streamlining to Mainstreaming “Islamization of Knowledge.” American Journal of Islam and Society, 38. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v38i1-2.1086
Hartinah, Thamrin, P. A., Ilahi, M. N. I., Fitriani, & Angkananon, C. (2025). Women’s Leadership in Educational Institutions: A Qualitative Literature Review on Challenges and Strategic Opportunities. Journal of Islamic Education Research, 6(2), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.35719/jier.v6i2.47
Hasanudin, M. I. (2019). Konsep Pendidikan Islam Menurut Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Syntax, 1(2), 33.
Hashim, R., & Ssekamanya, S. A. (2014). Islamization of Human Knowledge in Theory and Practice: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects in the IIUM context. IIUM Journal of Educational Studies. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijes.v1i1-2.18
Huda, I. A. S., Utaya, S., Bachri, S., Sumarmi, S., & Sagala, I. (2025). Local customary law: The contribution of Cuci Kampung tradition as counterforce to territorial stigmatization in Jambi, Indonesia. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05728-5
Humaida, H., Wati, I. K., Mukmin, M., & Kausar, S. (2026). Digitalizing Islamic Education: Developing a Methodological Model for Generation Z Learners. Attaqwa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 22(1), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.54069/attaqwa.v22i1.1044
Husni, H., & Hayden, W. (2024). The Epistemology of Ta’dib in Islamic Civilizational Discourse: Reviving and Reconstructing Contemporary Muslim Scholars’ Views. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 19(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol19no1.14
Hussain, S. (2025). Islamic Education in Contemporary Central Asia: Reviewing Ideas, Curriculum and Pedagogy. Dirasah International Journal of Islamic Studies, 3(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.59373/drs.v3i1.47
Ibrahim, M., Islam, S., Zohriah, O., & Azid, M. (2024). Addressing contemporary ethical and moral issues through islamic education. Journal on Islamic Studies, 1(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.35335/kbbzar83
Khoiriyah, B. (2021). Model Integrasi Keilmuan Pesantren pada Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam di Indonesia [PhD Thesis, Institut PTIQ Jakarta].
Khoiron, A. (2022). Diskursus Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Pemikiran Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi Dan Para Pengkajinya. Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v7i1.1828
Khozin, K., & Umiarso, U. (2019). The Philosophy and Methodology of Islam-Science Integration: Unravelling the Transformation of Indonesian Islamic Higher Institutions. Ulumuna, 23(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v23i1.359
Khuza’I, R., Safrudin, I., & Suhendi, H. (2019). Islamization of Isma’il Raji al-Faruqi’s Knowledge (Study of Contemporary Epistemology). Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018), Bandung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.61
Laabdi, M., & Elbittioui, A. (2024). From Aslamat al-Maᶜrifa to al-Takāmul al-Maᶜrifī: A Study of the Shift from Islamization to Integration of Knowledge. Religions, 15(3), 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030342
Lestari, S. (2020). Islamization Of Knowledge Of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi In Typologies Of Science And Religion. TA LIM Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 128. https://doi.org/10.52166/talim.v3i2.1998
Lestari, U. F., Dewi, E., & Wati, M. (2025). Integrasi Agama Dan Sains Dalam Perspektif Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(02), 295–311.
Ma’ruf, A., Kurniawan, A. W., Fatoni, M. I., Alam, S., & Hakim, L. (2023). Can Al-Faruqi’s Islamization Deals with Islamic Economics? Revisiting Al-Faruqi’s Islamization of Economics. TSAQAFAH, 19(2), 405. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v19i2.9337
Madani, R. (2016). Islamization of Science. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 9(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.09.2016.006
Malkāwī, F. Ḥasan. (2014). Epistemological Integration: Essentials of an Islamic Methodology. https://opac.library.uib.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=26880&keywords=
Maulana, M. F. (2018). Islamization Versus Deislamization of Language a Case of Indonesian Vocabularies. KnE Social Sciences, 3(4), 473. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i4.1957
Mohamed, Y. (1994). Islamization of Knowledge. American Journal of Islam and Society, 11(2), 283. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v11i2.2439
Moslimany, R., Otaibi, A., & Shaikh, F. (2024). Designing a holistic curriculum: Challenges and opportunities in islamic education. Journal on Islamic Studies, 1(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.35335/beztg009
Muqowim, M., & Lessy, Z. (2021). Revisiting Islamic Studies: Cementing Bases for Integrating Science and Religion in Islamic Higher Educational Institutions. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2021.181-01
Muslih, M. (2023). Ismail Raji al-Faruqi’s thought on Islamization of knowledge and its significance for Islamic education. IJoReSH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity, 2(2), 180. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijoresh.v2i2.180-209
Muthohar, A., Ghofur, A., Jamil, M. M., & Sulthon, M. (2023). Shifting the scientific paradigm for the transformation of higher education: Experience at State Islamic University (UIN) in Indonesia. Tuning Journal for Higher Education, 11(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.18543/tjhe.2483
Muthohirin, N., Aziz, A., Mahfud, C., Mukhlis, F., & Hikmawati, R. (2025). Islamic Sciences in Transition: Post-Reformation Developments in Indonesia’s State Islamic Universities. Ulumuna, 29(1), 429. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v29i1.849
Nidzom, M. F. (2023). Merumuskan Rangka Kerja Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan: Islamisasi Worldview, Paradigma dan Teori. UNIDA Gontor Press. https://repo.unida.gontor.ac.id/2802/
Nurhaliza, S., Manalu, S. R., Sukandi, S., & Salminawati, S. (2023). The Wahdatul Ulum Paradigm: Its Idea and Basis, and Consequences for SD/MI Level Teachers. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(2), 1257. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i2.4907
Ozair, K., Luqman, M., & Hussain Hamdani, S. N. (2019). Conceptualizing the Impact of Religiosity on the Preferences for Islamic Banking in Mirpur (Azad Jammu and Kashmir): An Empirical Analysis. Lahore Journal of Business, 8(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.35536/ljb.2019.v8.i1.a4
Prasetyo, A., Supriyanto, S., & Suliwati, S. (2022). Spirit Tauhid dalam Kurikulum Merdeka: Telaah Pemikiran Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan, 27(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.24090/insania.v27i2.6694
Putra, A. T. A. (2020). Konsep Pemikiran Ismail Raji Al Faruqi (Dari Tauhid Menuju Integrasi Ilmu Pengetahuan di Lembaga Pendidikan). Zawiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 6(1), 20–37.
Rachman, P. (2020). Implikasi Konsep Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. HUMANISTIKA : Jurnal Keislaman, 6(2), 154–170. https://doi.org/10.55210/humanistika.v6i2.369
Rahman, F. (1988). Islamization of Knowledge. American Journal of Islam and Society, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v5i1.2876
Rahman, T. A., & Amir, A. N. (2023). Ismail al-Faruqi’s Tawhidic Approach in the Context of IOK. Jurnal Humanitas Katalisator Perubahan Dan Inovator Pendidikan, 9(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.29408/jhm.v9i2.7277
Rahman, T. A., Rashid, Z. M., Yusof, W. S. W., & Amir, A. N. (2015). The Works and Contributions of Ismai’il Raji al-Faruqi in Islamization of Knowledge. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 5(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.51.03
Roqib2, A. M. I., Moh. (2025). Islamic Epistemology: The Integration of Knowledge and Contemporary Challenges from an Islamic Scholarly Perspective. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17678276
Sholihah, M., Sunanto, Afifuddin, M. A., & Salik, M. (2026). The Unity of Knowledge in the Perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas: An Epistemological Analysis of Islamic Education. At-Tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal, 5(1), 62–81. https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v5i1.252
Sudarman, S. (2018). Development Of Paradigmatic Integratic Pattern At Fatoni Thailand University. Jurnal Adabiyah, 18(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.24252/jad.v17i118i2a5
Surawan, S., & Athaillah, M. (2021). Ilmu pendidikan islam. K-Media. https://books.google.com/books?
Syahriyal, S. (2019). Pengaruh Persepsi Nilai Dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Terhadap Minat Menabung Serta Dampaknnya Kepada Keputusan Menabung Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Banda Aceh. Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Darussalam, 4(1), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.24815/jped.v4i1.10930
Syarif, F. (2020). Reintegration Of Religious Knowledge And General Knowledge (Criticism Of The Discourse Of Science Dichotomy). Transformatif, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.23971/tf.v4i1.1850
Syihabuddin, M., Manggala, K., & Mustofa, M. L. (2023). Islamization of Knowledge of Ismail Raji Faruqi: Integration-Interconnection to the Contextualization of Indonesian Science. Jurnal Fuaduna : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 7(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.30983/fuaduna.v7i2.7388
Syihabuddin, M., Soleh, A. K., & Mursyid, A. Y. (2024). Islamization of Science Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and Integration-Interconnection of Science Amin Abdullah: A Comparative Study. Tasfiyah Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 8(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v8i1.11278
Syuhud, A. F. (2019). Islam dan Politik: Sistem Khilafah dan Realitas Dunia Islam. A. Fatih Syuhud. https://books.google.com/books?
Taufiqurrahman, T., Hidayat, A. T., & Erman, E. (2021). The Integration of Science in Islamic Science University of Malaysia: A Model for Islamic Study Development in UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(1), 232. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0021
Učakar, T. (2025). Securitization, Humanitarianism, and the Religious Dimension of European Migration Policy. Religions, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1609119
Uddin, S. (2021). Islamic Philosophy in Indian-Subcontinent and Middle Asia: An Analysis of Literature Published in The 21st Century Hint Altkıtası Ve Orta Asya’da İslam Felsefesi: 21. Yüzyılda Yayınlanan Literatürün Analizi.
Wafi’Azizah, N. A., & Sahri, I. K. (2024). Konsep Teologi Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(3), 296–306.
Yusof, M. N., Hamat, Z., Marzuki@Yahaya, N., Awang, N., & Drani, W. S. W. (2020). The Influence of Knowledge Management on Leadership Methods in Islamic Institution: A Conceptual Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(10), Pages 859-864. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/8017
Zainuri, A., & Bukhori, K. (2019). Integration of Interdisciplinary scientific in the Curriculum at UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Al-Ulum, 19(2), 527. https://doi.org/10.30603/au.v19i2.1110
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyudin Wahyudin, Namiyah Fitriani (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


